The problems connected with an origin, profitability, technical development and ways of use of various power sources, were and will be an integral part of life on our planet. Directly or indirectly each inhabitant of Earth faces them. The understanding of the principles of production and consumption of energy makes the necessary precondition for the successful solution of problems of the present getting the increasing sharpness and in even bigger degree - the near future. Because of oil there are wars, the states blossom and grow poor.
Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) is a plant popularly used in the treatment of different diseases, and is widely disseminated throughout the tropical and subtropical region of the world. The biological activities of the plant are attributed to the presence of flavonoids, polyacetylenes and terpenes. Therefore, this study evaluated the biological activities of the oil extraction B. pilosa using supercritical CO2 at different pressure and temperature conditions. The experimental procedure used 8 g of previously dried and milled leaves at different conditions according to an experimental design (150 bar - 60 °C; 179 bar - 46 °C; 179 bar - 74 °C; 250 bar - 40 °C; 250 bar - 80 °C; 321 bar - 46 °C; 321 bar - 74 °C, 350 bar - 60 °C, 250 bar - 60 °C). According to the results, the best yield was 0.082% (6.6 mg) at 321 bar and 74 °C. The analyses of the experiments done at 321 bar at 74 °C and 250 bar at 40 °C, showed ultraviolet spectra characteristic of terpenes. The extracts analyzed showed promising inhibition in the two tumor cell lines: melanoma, SK-MEL-28 (68%) and leukemia K562 (90%), both at a concentration of 150 μg/mL.
Abstract: This investigation aimed to test the effectiveness of hairy root culture as one of the plant tissue culture techniques as a promising alternative method to produce Rosmarinic acid in some plants from Lamiaceae family were Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) with different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. We determined the hairy root cultures production and Rosmarinic acid content in callus, shoot, and hairy root cultures. The results showed that callus induction and growth rate were dependent on explant type and the culture medium employed. The leaf explants were the greatest explant for callus production in both basil and lemon balm plants. The optimum conditions for hairy root production in basil were obtained when leaf explants infected with A4 Agrobacterium strain. On the other hand, stem explants were unable to produce hairy roots when both Agrobacterium used. The optimum conditions for hairy root production in lemon balm were achieved by injection the stem of intact seedlings with R1000 Agrobacterium strain. Results showed that hairy root culture produced higher levels of Rosmarinic acid compared to callus and shoot cultures in both basil and lemon balm. The obtained results indicated that the production of hairy roots after infection with Agrobacterium is due the transfer of T-DNA which contains rolA gene from Agrobacterium cells into plant genome. The results indicated that plant tissue culture techniques especially hairy root culture can be used successfully for enhancement Rosmarinic acid production in basil and lemon balm plants.