The pillar of all agricultural productivity rests on the capability of plants to convert solar energy into stored chemical energy with the help of water. The success of agricultural production is measured by the amount of solar energy, water consumption that is captured and converted into food per unit land area as a result of manipulating plant, land, water and other resources. Agricultural success can be enhanced by finding ways to augument water and solar energy using human fossil energy power. Irrigation schemes in developing countries especially in sub-sahara Africa (SSA) including Nigeria suffer from very low water use efficiency, resulting in water logging and salinity problems. Therefore, this study investigated the problem of how urban and irrigation interests can work together and to work on how to meet future water needs of Nigeria. The objectives are to develop and use available renewable energy technology such as biomass hydropower, photvoltics, wind power and other technologies to make intensive agricultural production more sustainable. Both primary and secondary data were used for the study. Well structured questionnaire and interview schedule were used as approach to collect data from 80 respondents and six-stage modeling approach was used for assessing regional or landscape scale environmental impacts was adopted to analyze the impact of water irrigation, energy and environmental factors on agricultural productivity. The results showed that irrigation users are small-scale farmers, cultivating small hectare of land using simple farm tools, practices pump irrigation or calabash system. Regression analysis revealed that land, labour purchase inputs had a positive relationship with the output of the enterprises, while the linear programming analysis revealed that opportunities exist for increasing profit through resources re-organisation, budgetary analysis was used to show that irrigation is profitable.
The positive relation starting on the first few days of life between the mother and the baby is called attachment. The study has been planned to reveal the relation between the baby and primipara and multipara mothers. The research has been carried out in a defining and attachment-seeking way. The population of the research consists of the mothers who have a four-month old baby registered in a health center in a Health Group Presidency in Istanbul between November 2010 and February 2011. The sample is 50 multipara and 50 primipara mothers. In collecting data, Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI) and the form for the identification of the mother and the baby have been used. In statistical evaluation, t Test, Mann Whitney U test and Chi-Square test have been used. The average MAI point of primipara mothers (97.34±34.61) is significantly higher than that of multipara mothers (95.22±5.63). When compared the average MAI points of the groups in relation with their demographic features, it has been found that the average MAI points of primipara mothers who voluntarily got pregnant and had male babies and were under 30 is significantly higher. The attachment of primipara mothers is higher than that of multipara mothers. And also among primipara parents, those who are under 30, voluntarily got pregnant and had male babies have a higher degree of attachment.