The present study is devoted to articulate a general optimization method for designing a robust supply chain network (SCN). The method is based on complex networks theory and optimization techniques and aims at building a resilient SCN under disruptions. The method is designed in two phases. In the first phase, the preliminary network is designed using a local Multiple Attribute Decision-Making (MADM) method for each node to select its best partners. The second phase is particularly concerned with rewiring the SCN to enhance its robustness under a variety of attacks. The robustness of the method is validated and evaluated by an extensive computational analysis and it is compared with some other state-of-the-art algorithms employing three various SCNs with distinctive topologies. The computational experiments show that our method can generate good-quality solutions and the designed SCNs have a high level of robustness.

Sustainable natural resources are a part of system integration. Slum settlements in watersheds in the case of metropolitan cities in Indonesia are created due to excessive urbanization, poverty and the powerlessness of people in accessing economic resources. A comparative study of the level of watershed pollution was carried out over three time periods (2010, 2015 and 2019), the purpose of which was to assess the pattern of spatial use, community behavior in relation to environmental pollution and the existence of slums. Conservation of natural resources based on the handling of slums is oriented to save the environment, which is supported by efforts to optimize the use of economic resources to support the improvement of peoples welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of conservation of natural resources based on the handling of slums and community economic empowerment. The research method used is a qualitative-quantitative approach in sequence. Data obtained through observation, surveys and documentation. The results of the regression analysis confirm that the development of slum, poverty and community behavior together have a significant effect on environmental degradation in watersheds. The results of the study show that the conservation of natural resources based on economic empowerment has a significant effect in increasing the economic productivity of the community and the economic growth of the Metropolitan City of Makassar. This study offers the concept of natural resource conservation based on economic empowerment as a solution to handle slums in the case of metropolitan cities in developing countries.

As technology advanced, computer aided training tools increased in number and their usage spread. Package programs that are developed for training may not be flexible and interactive enough for different branches of science. Therefore, a training set was developed for the speed control of an induction motor fed by a three-level inverter. As speed controller, PI, PID, fuzzy logic, artificial neural network and neuro-fuzzy controllers were provided for the choice of the user. By enabling the user to change all parameters, different working conditions for the induction motor were simulated and the outcomes were observed. The set has a flexible interface. The set was written on Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 IDE using C# programming language on WPF infrastructure.

The Anzali Wetland, lying south west of the Caspian Sea, is one of the most important aquatic ecosystems in Iran. In recent decades much domestic and industrial untreated wastewater has been deposited in the wetland. This study was done to obtain a preliminary assessment of heavy metals contamination in the wetland sediment. Tests were done to determine levels and distribution of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in surface sediment of the wetland. Results showed that averages of metal concentrations (in µg/g) were: Cd: 1.46±0.66; Cr: 6.12 ±0.27; Cu 18.12±4.11; Pb: 12.14± 1.69 and Zn: 78.08 ± 7.08. Contamination status was evaluated on the Geo-accumulation Index for each of these metals and ecological risk assessment was determined accordingly. The Geo-accumulation Index determined that levels of metals were not in the range indicating contamination (except for Cd that showed a level of moderate contamination), and in terms regional variation, levels of contamination were evaluated in the following order: Shyjan > Hendekhale > Siyahkeshim > Abkenar. Ecological risk assessment showed that Cd was the only metal posing a potentially high risk to the environment and contributed 77.5% of the total potential ecological risk in the Anzali Wetland.