To assess vegetation structure of the pure deodar forests of an unexplored Manoor Valley (Lesser Himalaya), Pakistan, frequent field visits were undertaken during different seasons of 2015-18. Ecological methods – line transects sampling (23 stands) and phytosociological attributes were evaluated along the geographic, slope, edaphic and climatic variables. All the recorded data of plant species and environmental variables were analyzed by various statistical softwares’ (i.e., PCORD, CANOCO, RStudio 4.0.0 and R 3.6.1). A total of three different major plant communities (Cedrus-Isodon-Cynodon, Cedrus-Cynodon-Dryopteris and Sambucus-Cedrus-Desmodium) were recognized by clustering 162 species and 21 stands under the influence of climatic, edaphic, topographic and physiographic variables in pure deodar forest ranged from 1580.8m to 2373.8m. The Sambucus-Cedrus-Desmodium community showed strong influence with altitude (1936-2373 m), slope angle (25-85), sandy (29-48%) and loamy soil texture, wind speed (1.45 msec-1) and temperature (25.8 oC). In contrast with this, community showed positively significant relation with north-eastern slope, silty (32-58%) and sandy (15.8-55%) loamy soil texture, barometric pressure (814.3 pa). Nonetheless, Cedrus-Isodon-Cynodon community revealed positively significant association with northeastern to south western slope, pH (6.3), wet bulb (19.7) and dew point (17.7). We found significant differences (p<0.001) among the three communities found in the pure deodar forests in the four diversity indexes. Sambucus-Cedrus-Desmodium community has the maximum number of plants (129 species), Shannon’s diversity (H’= 3.7) and Simpson’s dominance (0.98) values among the recorded communities. The Pielou’s evenness index value was led by Cedrus-Isodon-Cynodon community (0.97). Beta diversity showed a dissimilarity lower than 50% among the three communities. Simple term effects in canonical correspondence analysis model revealed significant (p<0.05) differences in altitude, slope angle, slope (east-southern), and wind speed variables. Current study provides the baseline and first insights of spatial distribution, vegetation pattern and species contribution in response to environmental variables.

The article considers the logical and methodological experience of Russian university philosophers of the early twentieth century. The specific qualities inherent in the logical culture formed during this period are revealed. Such important concepts as \"logical culture\", \"psychologism in logic\", \"the image of logic\", \"the style of philosophical thinking\"are defined.

Aim: This study aimed to assess professional values among Palestinian undergraduate nursing students and examine the relationship between students’ demographics and professional values. \nBackground: Professional values provide a context for appraising beliefs and attitudes that guide behaviors and considered as standards for acceptable actions by professionals toward providing safe patient care. Therefore, it is important to develop these values among nursing students. \nDesign: A cross-sectional design was used in this study. \nMethods: A convenient sample of 370 undergraduate nursing students from the Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine completed an electronic version of the revised nursing professional values scale. The revised nursing professional values scale consists of 26 items covering five domains (caring, trust, justice, activism and professionalism) and used to measure the level of professional values among the nursing students.\nResults: Age of participants ranged between 18 and 36 years with a mean of 21.1 years. Most of the participants were females (60.7%) and were regular students (87.3%). The mean total scores of the domains of revised nursing professional values scale ranged between 3.610 for the “professionalism” domain and 4.133 for the “justice” domain. While the variables age, gender, grades cumulative average, study year did not impact the scores of the revised nursing professional values scale or its domains, results of upgrading students were higher in the domain of professionalism. Moreover, there was slight difference between the means of justice domain among nursing students (mean 12.6) and midwifery students (mean 13.39). \nConclusion: This study found that professional values were relatively high among Palestinian nursing students. Justice and caring domains were rated highest by participants, while activism and professionalism domains were rated low. These results should alert nursing educators to their roles in improving these values among nursing students.