National species lists are getting important because it defines the boundary of biological resources in the nation. Currently, several national species lists have been managed in Korea: e.g., ‘Checklist of Vascular Plant in Korea’ and the ‘National Species List.’ However, species coverage of these lists including valid names, synonyms, and general names are slightly different from each other, causing confusion sometimes. As a first step to construct the integrated national plant species list in Korea, we compared the two major national plant species lists, ‘Checklist of Vascular Plant in Korea’ and the ‘National Species List of Korea.’ We found that number of common valid names from both lists is 3,158 accounting for 55.96% of non-redundant valid names originated from both lists. In contrast to the discordance of valid names, number of common Korean names in both lists is 3,884 accounting for 60.68% of total Korean names used in both lists. Several cases of typos or incongruent ranks scientific names between two lists were also identified, which can be guide for managing plant species lists in near future. Based on our comparison results, better quality of an integrated species list can be generated so that precise boundary of our own biological can be confirmed and maintained.
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis are often associated with pathogenic biofilms ranging from superficial mucosal to life-threatening systemic infections. Recent studies have reported that chelerythrine (CHE) displays antimicrobial activities against a few microorganisms, but its effects on dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis have never been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate how S. aureus and S. lugdunensis respond in dual‐species biofilms challenged with CHE. MIC of CHE against planktic cells in dual-species culture was 8 μg/mL. CHE also suppressed dual-species biofilm formation at minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC90, 4 μg/mL). Further, CLSM using five fluorescent dyes revealed dose-dependent reductions of the levels of three key biofilm matrix components, and reduced tolerance to gatifloxacin, of biofilms exposed to CHE. Moreover, CHE efficiently eradicated preformed dual-species biofilms at minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC, 256μg/mL). Hence, CHE have potential to address biofilm infections of clinical course and other biofilm-related diseases.
The paper examined Business ethics impacts on performance of selected Small and Medium enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria. Survey research method was adopted. The population of study was 2086 made up of SMEs operators, employees and customers of selected SMEs from which sample of 1400 were selected using multistage and convenience sampling technique. Questionnaire as research instrument was validated through content validity while reliability through test-re- tests method with Cronbach alpha 0.72. Multinomial regression analysis was used to determine the extent business ethics brings variation in organizational performance. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between business ethics and organizational performance. High business ethics towards organizational goals enhances performance. The paper concluded that effective performance of the SMEs depends on high business ethics. Managers concerned about competitive edge in the market may find it appropriate to embrace sound business ethics. Researchers are encouraged to identify variables that may modify relationship nature.
The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on women’s sexual function, body image and pelvic floor functions. This descriptive and prospective study was conducted with 61 women who were in the fourth month of the postpartum period. This descriptive and prospective study was conducted during December 2009 - December 2010 in the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital in Istanbul. Participants had appointments three times in the first and third trimester and in the fourth month of the post-partum period. The data was collected by Information Form, The Female Sexual Function Index, Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale, Urogenital Distress Inventory Short Form, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form and The Body Exposure during Sexual Activities Questionnaire. Experiencing problems in sexual intercourse during pregnancy was found higher than before pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Fabrication engineering is a complex activity in the industry. The new product development in fabrication engineering industries depends on multiple factors and all the factors associated with that are highly dynamic in nature. In addition, the industry is traditional in nature and takes lot of time for transmission from one to other technology due to high level resistance from the employees and the clients. Simultaneously new age firms entry with the hi-tech technology makes the traditional firms business continuity questionable. Hence, the present paper is focused to assess the role of demographics in new product development in fabrication industries in Chennai city. The current research is descriptive in nature and trying to test the perceptional differences among the employees with regard to new product development and its dimensions in simple manner. The results indicated that that there exists a highly significant relationship between the demographical factors and the new product development practices of the fabrication engineering industries in the sample. Hence, it is advisable to go for a depth analysis on demographics before assigning any new product development projects to the traditional firms in the industry.
The article deals with the consideration of democracy as a philosophical notion aimed at designating the optimal way of organizing human society by enabling each person to govern one’s own life on full accordance with the rational ideals of the Enlightenment age. Special attention is given to the discrepancy between the stated theoretical ideal and the widespread political practice that tends to consider democracy as a certain procedure of popular election of representatives to government bodies that in fact lacks its rational substantiation.