The Os Odontoideum (OD) is a closure defect of ossification at the nucleus of the odontoid, it was described in 1886 by Giacomini and comes from the Latin Os meaning bone and odontoid meaning tooth 2.Objective: To describe the combined technique for C1-C2 fixation in 3 clinical cases of the Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Baj�o. Materials and Methods: We identified 3 patients with OD and performed Rx imaging studies of the cervical spine, simple and dynamic craniocervical junction, CT scan of the same region, CT angiography of supra-aortic vessels, cervical MRI, Electromyography (EMG), nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of the 4 extremities.First case58-year-old male with parenthesis of all four limbs, cervicalgia and disproportionate quadriparesis, 3/5 left upper limb, 4/5 right upper limb, 4/5 lower left limb for all myotomes, clinical data of pyramidal release such as hyperreflexia, Babinski and substitutes. C1-C2 instability is corroborated with X-ray and CT, alterations are found in EMG and VCN studies such as decreased nerve conduction and denervation. MRI registered cord compression at the level of the atlas (Figs. 1, 2). C1-C2 fixation was performed with the Magerl transarticular screw and the Gallie technique sublaminar wiring with heterologous bone graft.Results: The surgery performed was the combination of transarticular screw placement and sublaminar wiring without neurological, vascular or bone complications. Discussion and Conclusions: Combined C1-C2 fixation techniques provide stability and lower surgical risks than isolated fixation techniques.

Carbuncle is a common dermatological finding representing a coalescence of furuncles. It occurs in the hair-bearing skin including back of neck and trunk, armpits, and groin. It is mostly caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria normally inhabiting skin surface; and invade the body with decreased immunity. Its early diagnosis and management are essential to avoid its possible complications. In this article, we report an unusual case of carbuncle at the posterolateral aspect of knee joint overlying the distal insertion of biceps femoris. We also review the previous literature regrading management of carbuncle. A sixty-years-old man came to the clinic with large indurated carbuncle in the region of right knee joint overlying on the tendon of biceps femoris. It was initially misdiagnosed as a simple abscess with failed trials of manual squeezing for evacuation. The case was diagnosed as a carbuncle of multilocular lesions. Surgical incision and division of the interlocular septa were performed to ensure complete evacuation and non-recurrence. The surgical procedure was done under umbrella of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The wound healed but induration remained for some days till subsided gradually. It is concluded that carbuncle is medical case that should be carefully diagnosed and urgently treated to avoid infections’ spread and complications.

With respect to the significance of wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) plant, as an important crop, worldwide, finding new methods, which regulate its growth under different stresses including drought is important. Plant physiology, specifically nitrogen (N) metabolism affecting plant phenology (vernalization), may be affected under stress. We have just recently indicated it is possible to enhance wheat yield and seed quality by shortening vernalization under drought conditions using plant growth regulators (PGR). Accordingly, in the presented research it was hypothesized, it is possible to regulate wheat growth and seed components, and subsequent vernalization under drought conditions using plant growth regulators (PGR). The objective was to investigate plant morphological properties including root length (RL), and plant height (PH), and seed components including spike dry weight (SDW), grain N percentage (GNP), and grain moisture percentage (GMP) affected by different planting dates (autumn and spring), seed priming (with PGR) and cold stratification, and plant spraying (with PGR). The experiment was a split plot on the basis of a completely randomized block design with four replicates. The tested PGR, which were used for priming seeds or spraying plants (at the double bridge stage, V4-V6 stage), consisted of the single and the combined use of gibberellins (GA3, GA4, and GA7) benzyl adenine 6 (BA6), and kinetin at 100, 200, and 50, mg/l, respectively. Analysis of variance indicated the significant effects of priming and spraying and their interaction on plant morphology and seed components at the physiological maturity. Autumn planting and spraying with GA4+7 + BA6 resulted in the highest RL (15.75cm). Similarly, the highest PH was resulted by autumn planting and its combination with GA3+7, and with kinetin (97cm). However, interestingly seed components were more affected by the treatments in spring planting as the highest SDW was resulted by spraying with GA3+4+7 + kinetin + BA6 (3.97g). Similarly, compared with priming and autumn planting, spraying at spring planting was also more affective on GNP, as spring planting without priming, using GA3+7 and kinetin, and cold stratification resulted in the highest GNP (3%). GMP was also highly affected by spraying in spring planting and the use of PGR (8.9%). The obtained results are another confirmation to our recent experiment indicating it is possible to regulate wheat phonology (vernalization) and improve its growth and seed quality using the PGR tested in this experiment under drought conditions.

The effects of tetramethrin and prallethrin exposure on plasma biochemical profile of total proteins, free amino acids, albumins, urea, urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT and lipid profile, antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), cholesterol, phospholipids, cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio and membrane fluidity of erythrocyte membrane were studied clearly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mosquito repellent pyrethroid (MRP) based tetramethrin and prallethrin exposure on plasma profile, antioxidant status and membrane fluidity of erythrocytes in male Wistar rats. We examined chronic exposure of tetramethrin and prallethrin markedly available (MRP) repellents every day continuously for 8-10 hours per day by inhalation in male Wistar rats for the duration of three months. Our results confirmed that tetrarmethrin and prallethrin treatment effect of plasma profile alterations, and lipid homeostasis mechanism in red blood cell (RBC). Tetramethrin and prallethrin treatment significantly increased erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and decreased levels of cholesterol with no change of protein content, increased C/P ration levels. Inhalation of tetramethrin and prallethrin induced biochemical and biophysical changes in plasma SGOT, SGPT and erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and phospholipid levels, individual phospholipids and membrane fluidity of exposure rats compared to controls.

E-agriculture may be considered as a developing field in the area of agriculture and its applications. Smart farming and precision agriculture involved the use of smart technology in day-to-day farm practices which otherwise would have not involved such technologies. Smart farming is beneficial to farmers as it aids and simplifies the normal agricultural processes. The study presents a user-friendly mobile farmland optimization system to aid farmers in the optimization of their farmlands. In this work, the searchers developed a system that optimizes land resources for maximal crop yield, by giving our crop arrangement output and plant details suitable for crops planted on that land. Appery.io, BigML, JavaScript, Python and C++ are the tools used as a methodology for implementing the machine learning aided mobile farmland optimization system.

Population growth in coastal areas is caused increasing of indiscriminate pumping from coastal wells and spread of saltwater intrusion into wells. In this paper, Because of huge, rupture and local minimum in search space, Ant colony algorithm has been used for finding optimal solutions. When well exposed to salt water is off and taken out of operation. As result the optimal amount of pumping and position of each of the wells were obtained with this in mind that the maximum net profit and Saltwater tackle situations is affected by exploitation wells are some distance away of each wells. The results show that Ant colony algorithm can effectively and efficiently be used to obtain nearly global solutions to this groundwater management problem. The computational effort needed to determine the optimal solution increases with complexity of the problem. The computational time required for the solution of management model increases with the complexity of the problem. The optimum solution is not solved for values of less than 10 /day thus problem has high local solutions.