This research aimed to examine thyme, celery and salinomycin effects on ovarian sex hormones, reproductive traits and antioxidant status during the estrous cycle. Seventy-five mature Barki ewes aged 2-3 years with average weight 40±1.5 Kg; were randomly assigned into five groups (15 head/ group). Group one kept as control; groups 2 and 3 received 20g/head/day thyme (T) and celery (C) as dried herbs, respectively. Group 4 (TC) received 10g thyme+10g celery/head/day, group 5 treated with salinomycin 1g/head/day. Blood samples collected during follicular and luteal phases of the estrous cycle. Thyme and celery and the mixture of TC increased (P<0.01) 17-β estradiol (E2) during follicular phase of estrous cycle, while only celery group that showed marked (P<0.001) increase in progesterone (P4) during luteal phase as compared with control. Salinomycin decreased (P<0.05) E2 concentrations during follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle. Thyme and celery enhanced (P<0.001) the antioxidant capacity in the luteal phase compared with follicular stage. Salinomycin showed an increase (P<0.01) in the reduced glutathione (GSH) and a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) comparing with control throughout luteal phase. In respect to the interaction between estrous phases and treatments; thyme, celery, and TC supplementations revealed an increase (P<0.05) in superoxide dismutase (SOD) , GSH, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels compared to control during follicular and luteal phases. Thyme and celery were better in number of services per conception and fertilization from 1st and 2nd inseminations, respectively. In conclusion, the applied treatment showed significant effects on reproductive performance and antioxidant status throughout estrous cycle period of ewes.
In humid air thermodynamic property calculations, it is usually ideal gas EOS is used. The basic reason for this is simplicity of using ideal gas EOS. For most air condition applications it might be sufficient, but when applications with higher pressure zones are considered error level will increased. An equation of state with better accuracy of thermodynamic properties will be required for extreme cases. In this study equation of states developed by The international Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) will be used to establish computer programs in java language to calculate properties of humid air. In order to calculate water properties IAPWS-95 is used, properties are compared with the previously developed IAPWS-97 computer codes to ensure accuracy of calculations. Dry air properties and mixing interaction properties of dry air and water is calculated by using EOS defined as IAPWS G8-10. Basic thermodynamic and heat-mass transfer equations are used to define properties such as dew point temperature, adyabatic saturation temperature and wet bulb temperature. In order to calculate thermophysical properties such as viscosity, thermal conductivity etc. combination of cubic surface splines and Wilke, Reichenberg… methods are used. Results of developed equations are compared with Ideal gas and Peng-Robinson Cubic EOS (with critical property mixing rules) Humid air equations. A Graphical user interphase is also developed. All the program code are listed as free access in www.turhancoban.com adress. As subprograms properties of water and steam and properties of dry air can also be calculated by using this set of programs. All the codes are developed in java programming language.
We studied the effect of phage therapy on immune responses in Brucellosis affected cattle. There was a very significant (p<0.01) increase in total serum proteins from 0D to 45D, 60D, and 75D; and from 30D to 45D and a decrease from 45D to 90D, respectively. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in total serum proteins from 0D to 30D and 90D and a decrease from 45D to 75D. Serum globulin level increased very significantly (p<0.01) from 0D to 45D and 60D. The increase in serum globulin level from 30D to 45D and decrease from 45D to 90D were significant (p<0.05). There was a very significant (p<0.01) rise in anti-Brucella antibody titers estimated by Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT titers) from 0D to 45D and 60D along with a significant (p<0.05) decline from 45D to 90D. There was a very significant (p<0.01) rise in MAT titers from 0D to 45D and 60D along with a decline from 45D to 90D. The rise in titer from 30D to 45D was significant (p<0.05). There was a very significant (p<0.01) rise in IHA titers from 0D to 45D and 60D and a significant (p<0.05) rise from 0D to 75D. There was a very significant (p<0.01) decline in ELISA titers from 30D to 60D, 75D and 90D, respectively. The decline in titers from 0D to 60D and 75D and from 45D to 60D and 75D was significant (p<0.05). There was a very significant (p<0.01) decrease in the levels of lymphocytes from 0D to 30D followed by increase from 30D to 45D, 60D and 75D. The increase from 30D to 90D was very significant (p<0.01). However, Levels of leukocytes, monocytes and neutrophils did not differ significantly among themselves during the period of 90 days after treatment with the phage. This suggests that phage therapy in Brucellosis stimulates immune responses in cattle initially which decline slowly after 45 days.