Medicinal plant based herbal product have been used in the history for the treatment of numerous Human disorders. Plant based commercial products were used in the society for different purpose from the health supplement to medicament. In the ancient time maximum health based products were prepared from natural source and plants were the most one. Plants contain rich source of phytochemical called secondary metabolite and flavonoidal compound are one of the best examples and most applicable among all the known phytochemicals. Plants, vegetables, flowers, fruits, coffee, cocoa, tea and red wine are the best source of flavonoidal compound. Flavonoidal class phytochemical is having vasodilatory, antiischemic, antiinflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Present review collected and summarized all needed information of flavonoidal class chemical including karanjin. Medicinal importance, biological sources and pharmacological activity of karanjin have been collected and presented in this review article. Databases analysis revealed the presences of karanjin plants such as Fordia cauliflora, Lonchocarpus latifolius, Millettia pinnata, Millettia pubinervis, Pongamia pinnata, and Tephrosia purpurea. Collected scientific information have been analyzed for their pharmacological activities and revealed the importance of karanjin against various form of disorders such as cancer, glucose metabolism abnormalities, brain related disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, colitis and psoriasis. However analytical techniques database analysis revealed the importance of RP-HPLC, TLC, HPTLC, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS and HSCCC in the estimation of karanjin in various plants and their derived products. Scientific information of this review paper is collected from various scientific databases such as google, pubmed, and science direct etc. Presented information will be helpful for the development of better medicine from karanjin against numerous human disorders.

Phylogeographical analyses of alpine species in temperate Europe, distributed in the island-like habitat systems of high-mountain ranges, was generally focused on widely distributed species and on a wide geographical scale. However, genetic diversity and population differentiation in the alpine zone is strongly influenced not only by large-scale isolation patterns but also by local topographic structure of habitats. Endemic species, representing separate evolutionary units, offer the possibility of a realistic overview of genetic diversity in relation to local-scale history without the impact of unrecognized external gene flow. Here, we focused on Cochlearia tatrae, a narrow-endemic species occurring only within the isolated high-mountain area of the Tatra Mountains. Based on population sampling across its entire range, we applied AFLP genotyping and DNA sequencing (non-coding cpDNA and nrITS) to assess the species’ genetic structure in a spatial context of its distribution and discuss its Late Pleistocene history. PCoA and Neighbor-Net analyses of AFLP data indicate that individuals of C. tatrae form a genetically continuous complex but they are arranged in homogeneous clusters representing populations. Pattern of genetic structure is coherent and does not include strongly divergent genetic lineages, which would be supported by high levels of unique genetic markers. However, despite the small total distribution range of the species (ca. 80×20 km), Bayesian analysis of population structure revealed four genetic groups with a generally latitudinal (East-West) distribution across the Tatra Mts. CpDNA and ITS sequences displayed a low variation but localized distribution of several closely related plastid haplotypes mostly supported delimitation of genetic groups. Based on this phylogeographical structure we assume that Last Glacial history of C. tatrae was likely characterized by vertical migrations and isolation in peripheral, periglacial microrefugia securing cold and moist conditions. Subsequent postglacial upslope migrations, together with the species’ dispersal characteristics, maintained several distinct genetic lineages distributed longitudinally along the Tatra Mts. in extant populations.

In this work, have been presented results of bioproductivity study and quantity of formed MDA in Dunaliella salina IPPAS D-294 cell in high salinity in optimal and low-temperature regimes of cultivation. It became clear that, in conditions of low temperature stress, bioproductivity of cells decreases 24% in regard to optimal cultivating regime. The cell modification by 2,6 di-tret-butyl phenol leads to growth stimulation of Dunaliella salina IPPAS D-294 culture in optimal regime: (25-350 mkM) 1-7% respectively 3%, and in conditions of low temperature stress and on range of concentrations (25-350 mkM) 2 %. \nIt was established that, increase of 2,6 di-tret-butyl phenol concentrations 25-500 mkM in mineral medium lead to 2,5 time decrease of MDA content in cells in optimal, but in low temperature regime 1.5 time decrease of its level.

India is the largest producer and processor of cashews (Anacardic occidental L).Cashew nut shell (CNS) contains approximately 70% anacardic acids, 18% cardol, 5% Cardanol. The main aim of the study is to process and characterize cashew nut shell (CNS) powder for development of cellulose reinforced starch films. Cashewnut shell with 2% cellulose reinforced CNS powder and 1.25% glycerol were added. Thermal degradation temperature of CNS films were found to be at the range of 298–302 °C. 2% cellulose reinforced CNS films was examined to be having good active package properties. Because of the presence of anacardic acids, the CNS exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. Good activity was observed and the Results of the study indicated that packaging material obtained from cashewnut shell have excellent mechanical, physical and antimicrobial properties.

The study, knowledge, and understanding only make sense when we practice them. Acceptance, listening, orienting, looking in the eye, coupled with the physical activities here exposed, help the enrolees in their emotional and psychological development, social interaction, physical conditioning as the main focus of this study is to improve their self-steem by stimulating the promotion of the quality of living for public service users. The patients, as well as the students, take their presence and attendance as a lesson of perseverance always with the intent to improve day by day. As a physical educator, I learn with them that the individual improves in life within the context of his or her occupation, relationships with people, responsabilities, contact with different cultures, diverse social contexts, as they assist their fellowmen and humanity. True science helps society and does not destroy it, which certainly makes all the difference in my life, patient care and routine. Care is coordinated and supervised by the Family Health Support Program in São Gonçalo-Basic Care/Health Ministry, Brazil.

Malaria is a major global health problem that causes significant mortality and morbidity annually. The therapeutic options are scarce and massively challenged by the emergence of resistant parasite strains, which causes a major obstacle to malaria control. To prevent a potential public health emergency, there is an urgent need for new antimalarial drugs, with single-dose cures, broad therapeutic potential, and novel mechanism of action.\nAntimalarial drug development can follow several approaches ranging from modifications of existing agents to the design of novel agents that act against novel targets. Modern advancement in the biology of the parasite and the availability of the different genomic techniques provide a wide range of novel targets in the development of new therapy. Several promising targets for drug intervention have been revealed in recent years.\nTherefore, this review focuses on the progress made on the latest scientific and technological advances in the discovery and development of novel antimalarial agents. Among the most interesting antimalarial target proteins currently studied are proteases, protein kinases, Plasmodium Sugar transporter inhibitor, aquaporin-3 inhibitor, Choline transport inhibitor, Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitor, isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, Farnesyltransferase inhibitor and enzymes are involved in lipid metabolism and DNA replication. This review summarizes the novel molecular targets and their inhibitors for antimalarial drug development approaches.

Kalmegh [Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.)] is one of the essential medicinal plants due to terpenoid, i.e. andrographolide. The molecular and genetic information is scanty in kalmegh. Therefore, an experiment was performed to elucidate candidate genes associated with andrographolide biosynthesis. Based on results andrographolide content analysis, of six, two genotypes, i.e. IC-520361 (maximum andrographolide content) and Anand Local (lowest andrographolide content) were selected for transcriptome analysis. A total of 1.04 Gb of raw data were produced for two genotypes using MiSeq Platform. After pre-processing of 4,524,251 raw reads of IC-520361 and 3,021,316 raw reads of Anand Local, the high quality reads were assembled into 41,553 contigs Assembled transcripts were functionally annotated using BlastX (Nr) databases. A total of 111 critical metabolic pathways namely terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways were detected, which were involved in the biosynthesis of andrographolide. The enzymes, i.e. Geranyl geranyl diphosphate synthase small subunit, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase i-like etc. related to andrographolide biosynthesis pathway were identified by functional annotation of transcriptome data. The results of the heat map showed 1016 transcripts were differentially expressed between two kalmegh genotypes using edgeR. A total of 10 differentially expressed gene associated with andrographolide biosynthesis were confirmed through qRT-PCR. This comparative transcriptome analysis provided information about the expression level of genes related to andrographolide biosynthesis pathways MEP and MVA. It will give an idea to the breeder for development of molecular markers for direct screening of the genotypes.

Ewe’s metabolism was stimulated by feeding in pre-mating period on olive oil cake silage with or without fibrolytic enzyme this reflected on improved blood metabolites parameters (total protein, glucose, thyroid hormone and progesterone) on the contrary, reduced (tri-Glycerides, cholesterol and liver enzymes). Evidence suggested that these finding had significant effects on ewes reproductive performance particularly that those conception rate from first service and conception rate, fertility rate, conception rate, prolificacy and conception rate. Reproductive experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of adding fibrolytic enzymes to olive cake silage on blood parameters and some reproductive performance. Forty eight multiparous dairy ewes (42±3 kg of live body weight) were used in complete random design. Ewes equally and randomly allotted to four dietary groups. Control group was fed on 60 % concentrate feed mixture (CFM), 40 % Darawa, first, second and third groups were incorporated olive cake, untreated olive cake silage or treated olive cake silage with fibrolytic enzyme with 30% of CFM (G1, G2 and G3), respectively. Amongst the four groups, control showed the lowest lambing rate, prolificacy rate, fertility%, female ratio, litter weight, while, the highest stillbirth being in control group. It could be concluded that feeding ewes on diet containing untreated or treated olive cake silage had positive effects on reproductive fertility performance.