Gender-based discriminative attitudes are linked to disadvantages that experienced by women globally. The aim of this study is the examination of the relationship of attitudes regarding gender equality with certain factors. Gender Equality Scale was used to examine the mentioned attitudes. It has two subscales as “understanding that considers male as superior” (UtCMS) and “understanding that subjects females to males” (UtSFM). The participants are 200 university students (112 women). Age range is 18-29 with mean 19.51. Analysis regarding whole scale and subscale scores of gender equality scale showed that the female participants’ attitudes favoring gender equality more than males do. Certain differences regarding gender equality attitudes were determined among participants with different self-reported economic levels. Also attitude differences among groups which based on education levels of participants’ parent’s was observed. According to regression analysis the sex and mother’s education variables are revealed as the best predictors of gender equality attitudes. Findings point out existence of a relationship in terms of gender equality attitudes with sex, parent’s education level and economic level of the participants. The variables which seems related with more positive attitudes in terms of attitudes related with gender equality are important regarding future intervention plans for more positive gender equality attitudes and also for future studies. The future studies with different study groups will be helpful to shed light on to the myriad of possible relations. Since sexism and gender inequality are important tools regarding maintenance of patriarchy it is clear that why generally men tend to have higher gender inequality attitudes. According to this, it is possible to assess that having traditional attitudes can be accepted as an indication of having tendencies to protect status quo.
Abstract\nIntroduction: The complete blood count (CBC) analysis is an essential laboratory analysis for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of multiple health problems. Each CBC parameter is associated with a different mechanism, which has a vital role in the organism. Identifying the population-specific reference intervals of these parameters is important for more precise clinical decisions. This study aimed to evaluate the reference intervals for CBC parameters, including hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell (WBC), platelet, and mean platelet volume (MPV), for the adult population in the Cukurova region of Turkey.\nMaterials and Methods: Data of 117,759 donors (112,557 males) between 18-65 years old, who were admitted to Cukurova University Blood Center between January 2015 and June 2020 for blood donation, were included in the analyses.\nResults: The mean age of the donors was 37±9.8 years. The median values of the parameters were 15.4 g/dL for hemoglobin, 46 for hematocrit, 7.1x103 /µL for WBC, 238x103 /µL for platelet, and 8.3 fL for MPV. Comparison of the parameters between sexes revealed that hemoglobin (p<0.001) and hematocrit (p<0.001) levels were significantly higher in males, while WBC and platelet counts were significantly higher in females (p<0.001 for each). The MPV values were similar in both genders.\nConclusions: The distribution of reference ranges of CBC parameters by gender and age groups were clinically reasonable and were in accordance with the literature data. Nevertheless, when the single-center design of this study is considered, further studies with improved coverage are needed to evaluate the reference intervals of the general population more precisely.
In recent decades, Siberian fir has been dying up in the Southern Siberia Mountains. Fir decline in vitality is attributed to a complex process that involves interactions of several factors leading to increased trees’ mortality. This paper investigates the structure of trunk wood of healthy and dying fir trees. Some sampled Siberian fir trees show signs of dying up, typical for Siberian fir. There are chlorosis and necrosis in the subapical part of the tree as well as loss of plagiotropism of branches. Abies sibirica dying trees exhibited xylem structural changes even at the initial stage of disturbance: radial sizes of cells and lumens decreased, cell walls grew thicker, their cross-section areas decreased, and there occurred traumatic resin canals.
There are some mathematical models to study the COVID-19 in different countries. In the current paper, we consider the used model for Italy. This model is a nonlinear system of ODEs with eight equations and eight unknowns functions. \nThis paper applies \n an efficient numerical algorithm for solving the\nmain equation. The numerical scheme is based on the least\nsquares spectral method. A Gauss-Lobatto-Legendre quadrature is implemented to\napproximate the integrals arising from the least squares method.\nNumerical results show the high accuracy of proposed\nmethod in comparison with the\nexisting schemes in the literature.
Objective: Children with COVID-19 are reported to get the infection from an adult contact, with minimal secondary transmission from children. In this study, we aimed to assess the common symptoms and possible sources of infection in pediatric cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. \nMethods: Children who had confirmed the diagnosis of COVID-19 with real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included in the study. The families of the patients were called by phone to obtain information about the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the patients. \nResults: RT-PCR tests were done in 835 children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and the test was positive in 178 (21.3%) children. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (67.4%), headache (41.1%), and cough (36.6%). One hundred and seven (61.1%) of the patients were infected by close contact with family members diagnosed with COVID-19, 35 (20%) of the patients were infected via close contact with non-family members diagnosed with COVID-19, 11 (6.3%) of the patients had a history of exposure in an epidemic area, including wedding hall, condolence house, and shopping center and 22 (12.6%) of the patients with unknown source of infection. \nConclusions: COVID-19 infection is seen to be milder and causes fewer hospitalizations and patient deaths in children. Crowded indoor environments are the main centers of the spread of the outbreak and children are unlikely to be the main source of infection of the pandemic.
Development of the generative cell(GC) involves morphogenesis and elongation during pollen development. It is presumed that microtubules might play a structural or functional role during morphogenesis of the generative cell. Microtubules’ role in GC morphogenesis need to be explored and it was hypothesised that inhibition of microtubules, can reveal their important roles through monitoring of aspect ratio during polarised elongation of GC. Generative cell morphogenesis was examined by differential interference contrast and fluorescence microscopy of microtubules labelled marker lines expressed in Tobacco germline. The developmental microscopic analysis shows that GC undergoes progressive shape change from lens-shaped to round, fully elongating at anthesis with an increase of aspect ratio from 1 to 5, hence shows a polarized growth only at site of cytoplasmic extension. The in vivo microscopic analysis determined that GC elongation is partially disturbed in the colchicine treated pollen with a decrease of GC body length from 35 to 24 µm. This shows that microtubules are not critical to maintain elongated form of GC, but instead have partial structural role in morphogenesis, while cytoplasmic extension directs polarized elongation.
Quinolones used to treat the gram positive and negative bacterial infections. In different researches Enterococcus feacalis isolates were observed resistant to quinolones causing gastrointestinal infections. Plant essential oils are used as alternatives to antibiotic to treat the resistant bacterial infections. Ribosomal 16S RNA gene sequence characterized E. feacalis (n=10) isolates were procured from the Institute of Microbiology, UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan. After microscopic and biochemical characterization these isolates subjected to antibiotic resistance profiling against quinolones. Isolates were detected resistant to Enrofloxacillin, Ofloxacillin, Ciprofloacillin, Levofloxacillin and Moxifloxacillin. Plant essential oils were used to check antienterococal activity. Among the plant essential oils Cinnamomum verum gave 16.24±0.23mm zone of inhibition. Also C. verum MIC against E. feacalis was observed lower (09.31±1.34 mg/mL) compared to other plant essential oils. Among the solvent fractions of C. verum essential oil, n-hexane (26±8.5 mm) and n-hexane + chloroform (20.00±7.93 mm) fraction produced higher zone of inhibition against E. faecalis. n-hexane fraction (43.00±61.02 mg/mL) displayed lower MIC value compared to n-hexane + chloroform (47.22±16.61 mm) and chloroform (75.22±32.54 mm) fractions. As n-hexane fraction was proved promising against E. feacalis, cytotoxicity assay revealed 56.85% cell death at 78.28mg/mL. According to GCMS analysis in n-hexane fraction most effective fatty acid was oleic acid 23.7% 1st abundant active component. C. verum essential oil and its n-hexane fraction was proved promising, can be used to treat the gastrointestinal infections caused by MDR E. faecalis.