Solar rooftop power plants are more popular in India. But the installed capacity of the rooftop plant is not meet the load demand in practical. Conventional grids share heavy loads by using the control switch to meet the load demand. But the loads are not constant. Due to this, there is no proper utilization of rooftop solar Electric Power. Hence, a unique Power electronic converter system called Micro - flexible AC transmission system (M-FACTS) is proposed in this paper. Micro - flexible AC transmission system consist of the multi-port converter with bi-directional power flow controlling system which consists of some features of FACTS devices and a combination of DC boost converter. The DC battery and solar power can be regulated using a bi-directional buck-DC boost converter to maintain the DC bus constant. The main objective of this unique converter and control is to improve the better utilization of solar electric power and reduce the power consumption from the conventional electrical grid. Hence the rooftop solar electric power can be fully utilized all the generation time. Moreover, the proposed system provide reactive support and to store the excess solar electric power into the storage system. Mat lab -Simulink based simulation results proved the effectiveness of the efficient converter and the control system for the effective utilization of solar electric energy.

In recent years, significant attention has been paid to the possible use of hydrogen (H2) as a renewable energy source. The formation of H2, in particular, is appealing by Ni-based-catalyzed activity in an alkaline potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution at room temperatures. However, a broader understanding of the reactions at the catalyst surface needs to be sought at the atomic level. In this research, a comparative and systematic study of nickel-based heterometallic catalysts in an alkaline potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for H2 generation with the aid of ReaxFF potential is performed using reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations. The interface composition of nickel catalyst was systematically modulated to include transition metals such as iron, platinum, and their oxides. All nickel-based transition metals and their oxides are equally active while influencing the catalytic reaction. Ni-Fe and Ni-Pt impose major promoting effects on the Ni-based catalyst, with an improvement in the generation rate of output of H2 when compared to the Ni-Fe-Pt heterometallic catalyst. On the other hand, only a marginal improvement in the catalytic effectiveness of the Ni-based catalyst is evident with Ni-Fe-O and Ni-Pt-O catalyst. The molecular proportion of the metal/(Ni + oxide) was varied within the catalyst to investigate the impact of metal combination and concentration on the alloy catalytic performance. This structural variation also explained the role of each second metal and their oxide involved in an alkaline KOH electron exchange process. The second metal promoting effects are mainly summarized in terms of the ability to serve as an electrophilic site for enhanced OH^- group absorption, a large area of active surface, amorphous characteristic of the alloy catalyst, and interaction of the electrons with the Ni active metal.

To increase agriculture production, accurate and fast detection of plant disease is required. Expert advice is needed to detect disease in plants, nutrition deficiencies or any other abnormalities caused by extreme weather conditions. But this process is very tedious, costly, and takes more time. In this paper, hyperspectral imaging and machine learning were used to detect different stages (early, middle, and critical stage) of the Powderly Mildew Disease (PMD) in squash plants. An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was used to collect the data from the field and Locality Preserving Discriminative Broad Learning (LPDBL) was used to distinguish the diseased and healthy plants. In addition, the ability to detect the diseased plant by the proposed method was evaluated using ten different spectral Vegetation Indices (VIs). The results show the proposed method detected the disease accurately in the early, middle, and critical stages of the squash plant. The proposed method’s performance is compared with six different PMDs under indoor laboratory-test and UAV-based field-test conditions. The comparison’s results show that the LPDBL provides better accuracy in detecting disease in the squash plant.

Ethiopia has large number of chickpea genotypes/landraces, but all available genotypes were not evaluated. Hence, the genotype of chickpea was analyzed. The data was collected on days to emergence, days to flowering, days to maturity, grain filling period, plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, number of pods per plant. Analysis of variance showed highly significant difference (P<0.001) among the evaluated genotypes for all traits considered in the study indicating the presence of genetic variability. Grain yield was ranged from 7.2–21.95Qunt/ha. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was ranged from 1.9 - 36.011% and 2.39 - 36.021%, respectively. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as the percent of mean were noted for traits such as HSW, NSB, HI, GY, BY, NPB, DE and NPP. Traits like NPB (0.37), NSB (0.476), NPP (0.682), HSW (0.52), BY (0.398) and HI (0.588) had positive direct effect on grain yield and thus, these traits could serve as selection criteria for improvement of grain yield. In present study, 56 genotypes are clustered in to four clusters where the genotypes in the CL-II are the best performing genotypes and followed by CL-III while genotypes in CL-IV are the least performing. This indicated that parents for different desirable characters can be easily selected from different clusters based on their merit for breeding program. For instance genotype(s) can be selected from CL – I for DF, for PH, NPB, NSB, NPP and NSP they can be selected from CL – II and from CL– III they can be selected for HSW, GY, BY, DPM and GFP. Principal component analysis showed the first four PCs with Eigen values greater than one (4.15, 2.59, 1.87, and 1.39) explained about 77% of the total variation among 56\nchickpea genotypes. Characters such as GFP, NSP, HSW, GY, BY and HI were contributed more for clustering in the first four PCs.

Flame retardants (FRs) are a diverse group of chemicals used as additives in a wide range of products to inhibit, suppress, or delay ignition and to prevent the spread of fire. We have developed a flame-retardant epoxy resin whose flame retardancy is greatly enhanced by adding fly ash (a by-product from thermal power plants). Applying the fly ash eliminates the need to use current retardants such as organic halogen compounds and thus promotes the perceived environmental safety of flameretardant epoxy resin. Review focuses on studies aiming to enhance the flame retardancyof epoxy resin using eco-friendly additives Fly ash. Flame retardant additives of Fly ash were embedded in epoxy resin-Flyash to improve the resin’s resistance to oxidation. Fly ash is a fire product after coal combustion of thermal power plants. The main components are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 and CaO oxides. Fly ash has a smooth spherical shape, particle size <10μm. The results show that the flame retardant of the material gives good results when using 20 wt.% fly ash. The limiting oxygen index value (LOI) and UL94 test indicated improvement of flame retardancy of the composites. Study mechanical properties: tensible strength, compressive strength, flexural strength and impact strength Izod. The results of this work suggest that Fly ash will be a potential fire retardant alternative to petroleum-based flame retardant additives.

Over past several years pollution in industrialized areas is the most attention seeking issue. Higher level of heavy metals especially cadmium is accumulated in atmosphere evolved from smoke of automobiles. Living system present around the contaminated areas accumulate heavy metals in their bodies. Heavy metals have been accumulated in soil, water, forages and animals so study was conducted in industrialized area Faisalabad to evaluate the possible risk. Three sites was selected to check the accumulation of cadmium in soil, water, forages and animals. These sampling sites was areas along the roadsides of Chak Jhumra, Jaranwala and Samundri. Sample of soil, forages,water and blood,hair feces of animals was collected from these sites.The digestion of samples was carried out with the help of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to evaluate heavy metal analysis. Analysis of variance was done by using SPSS Software (version no. 20) and two ways ANOVA. Result indicated that concentration of Cd was higher in soil irrigated with municipal wastewater and concentration of Cd was highest in forages C. album present at site III.higher concentration of Cd was observed in blood of sheep higher than critical value. The sample collected from site III showed high daily intake of metals, health risk index, pollution load index, enrichment factor and bioaccumulation factor. This study will bring consideration concerning the development of approaches in order to overcome the toxic effects of cadmium.