Soil salinity among other abiotic stresses is a major threat to cultivated land. Breeding salt tolerant cultivars has always been thought to be an effective and cheaper ways to overcome salinity problem. Salt tolerant and salt sensitive wheat accessions were hybridized to develop genetic material to investigate inheritance of salt tolerance based on early seedling, adult plant and physiological responses. Salt tolerance in low salinity appeared to be a complex polygenic trait. However, genetic models for most responses were poor fit in high salinity and suggested further investigation. Differences in gene expressions in different NaCl concentrations appeared to be due to different gene regulation or interaction and/or involvement of additional or hidden genes. Both additive and non-additive gene effects needed to be considered while designing of breeding programme for improving salt tolerance in wheat and in the statistical model used to locate the salt tolerant QTL. This QTL couple with recurrent selection for specific combining ability of the 4WLRG/1-8 with a good wheat cultivar seems to be a good salt tolerant breeding strategy.
The buoyancy-driven magneto-hydrodynamics flow inside a filled square enclosure with internal heat generation is investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulation. The enclosure is heated by a uniform volumetric heat density. Top and bottom walls are adiabatic and side walls have constant temperature. A fixed magnetic field is applied to the enclosure. The dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically for the stream function, vorticity and temperature using finite difference method in MATLAB software. The Prandtl (Pr) number is 0.733; the Rayleigh (Ra) number was made to vary from 10^4 to 10^7, the Hartmann (Ha) number between 0 and 10^3. The stream function equation is solved using fast Poisson\'s equation solver on a rectangular grid (POICALC function in MATLAB), voricity and temperature equations are solved using red-black Gauss-Seidel and bi-conjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) methods respectively. The proposed method is fast and there is no need to the under-relaxation factors for variables. The results show that the strength of the magnetic field has significant effects on the flow and temperature fields. The ratio of the Lorentz force to the buoyancy force (Ha^2/Ra) is introduced as an index to compare the contribution of natural convection and magnetic field strength on heat transfer.
Let $G$ be a group and $\\omega(G)$ be the set of element orders of $G$. Let $k\\in \\omega(G)$ and $s_{k}$ be the number of elements of order $k$ in $G$. Let nse$(G)=\\{s_{k}\\big|k\\in \\omega(G)\\}$. In Khatami et al and Liu, the authors proved that $L_{3}(2))$ and $L_{3}(4)$ are unique determined by nse$(G)$. In this note, we prove that if $G$ is a group such that nse$(G)=$nse($S_{6}(2)$), where $S_{6}(2)$ is the projective sympletic group of degree 6 over fields of order 2, then $G\\cong S_{6}(2)$.
No detailed histological study of the segments of the digestive tract and of the post-diaphragmatic annex glands of Chinchilla laniger is available in the literature, to our knowledge. The study presented draws attention to the morphological characteristics of the digestive tract and their involvement in the digestive process, with important implications for the composition of formula diets. \nHistological study of the digestive tract and annex glands (liver and pancreas) of Chinchilla laniger shows no major differences from other mammals. The walls of the oesophagus, stomach and intestine are composed of four layers: the mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis mucosa and serosa (the fourth layer of the oesophagus being called the adventitia). A noteworthy feature of the species is the generous development of the caecum in proportion to body size, a characteristic shared with other rodent species.
Herbal medicine refers to the use of any plant\'s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers for medicinal purposes. Kalanchoe pinnata is known as herbal medicine that having many special advantages. The objective of the study was to scientifically assess antimicrobial activity of 95% ethanolic, methanolic, 60% methanolic and aqueous extract of leaves from Kalanchoe pinnata on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. It was found that 60% methanolic extract shows best result. The 60% methanolic extracts of the selected plants leaves were taken in different ratio randomly and antimicrobial tests were carried out. The most effective concentration was then determined by comparing the results of the zone of inhibition. Phytochemical screening of 60% methanolic extract was carried out and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) was found significant activity against microorganisms.
The severe foliar disease was commonly observed on orange trees in the south\npart of Iran in 2012. First symptoms were included small brown to black spots on leaves\nof orange trees, but expanded later on into irregular or circular necrotic areas of the infected leaves. Alternaria dumosa was isolated from all diseased leaves. This is the first\nreport of A. dumosa causing agent of leaf spot on orange (Citrus aurantium) in Iran.
In recent years, predictive data mining techniques play a vital role in the field of medical informatics. These techniques help the medical practitioners in predicting various classes which is useful in prediction treatment. One of such major difficulty is prediction of survival rate in breast cancer patients. Breast cancer is a common disease these days and fighting against it is a tough battle for both the surgeons and the patients. To predict the survivability rate in breast cancer patients which helps the medical practitioner to select the type of treatment a predictive data mining technique called Diversified Multiple Decision Tree (DMDT) classification is used. Additionally, to avoid difficulties from the outlier and skewed data, it is also proposed to perform the improvement of training space by outlier filtering and over sampling. As a result, this novel approach gives the survivability rate of the cancer patients based on which the medical practitioners can choose the type of treatment.