Regardless of the excellent RF performance of MEMS (Microelectromechenical system) switches over there semiconductor counterparts, these micro switches need higher actuation voltage for its operation second to the reliability concerns. This paper reports the RF MEMS switch with high reliability operation with low voltage requirements. The proposed switch is optimised to perform in Q-band, which results in actuation voltage of just 16.4 V. Mechanical stress gradient in the thin micro membrane is computed by simulating von Mises stress in Multi-physics environment that results in 90.4 MPa stress. The computed spring constant for the membrane is 3.02 N/m. The switch results in excellent RF performance with simulated isolation of above 38 dB and insertion loss of less than 0.35 db and return loss of above 30 db in Q-band.

The investigation of the effect of doping on relaxation time has been carried out for both doped and undoped sodium silicate samples. The relaxation property of the samples has been studied in a wide range of frequency (100 kHz-5 MHz) and temperature (500C-4500C). The micro-structure of the samples have been identified and analysed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), FESEM and DTA. The experimental result indicates the variation of relaxation time with temperature is different for both doped and undoped samples. This indicates the relaxation properties present in the samples are all different and depends on doping concentration and temperature. The temperature dependent relaxation property indicates the dependency of dielectric and electrical properties on temperature and applied field strength. The variation of relaxation time with temperature indicates the dependency of loss spectrum on temperature and frequency. Experimental results point out the dependency of relaxation property on doping concentration.

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play an important role in regulating somatic growth according to nutritional conditions. Polymorphisms of IGF gene are reported to be significantly associated with many traits. In these study 142 samples of DNA from Zel sheep were used for detecting the polymorphisms of promoter region of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) gene. Therefore DNA extracted from blood using Salting-out procedure. Primers were supplied for amplifying the specific segment. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) accomplished after finding the best condition to do the reaction. The specific segment amplified well. SSCP and RFLP markers were used for detecting the polymorphisms of the segment. For SSCP analysis PCR-product was denatured and dilution was loaded onto a 12% polyacrylamide gel. RFLP analysis was performed by incubating of PCR product by HaeII restriction enzyme at 37°C for 4 h. Gels were visualized using a 3.5% agarose gel that contained ethidium bromide. The polymorphisms were the same when both methods were examined. Evaluation of result revealed 2 alleles and 3 genotypes. The alleles were A and B and their frequencies was 0.71 and 0.29 respectively. The genotyped named AA, AB and BB with the frequencies of 0.47, 0.47 and 0.06 respectively. The data were analysed for Genetic variation statistics using PopGene32 software and no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed in this study. finding the relation between genotype which is found by genetic markers with growth traits, live weight and carcass weight will be investigate by the IGFs genes.

Aim: To prepare BSA loaded chitosan nanoparticles by polymerization technique and to study the effect of initiator concentration upon particle size, product yield, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity and drug release from the formulation. Methodology: In the present study BSA loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by polymerization technique. Three formulations were prepared by varying the concentration of Initiator. The concentration of Initiator (Ammonium per sulphate) was maintained 1%, 2% 3% in formulation 1, Formulation 2 and Formulation 3 respectively. The effect of initiator concentration on Mean particle diameter, Drug content, entrapment efficiency, loading capacity, electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential was studied. Results and discussion: Best nano formulations were obtained with Ammonium per sulphate 2 % concentration with Mean particle diameter of 441.7 nm. Electrophoretic mobility and Zeta potential value (-3.304 and -42.1) was more among all chitosan formulations indicating greater stability. Conclusion: Hence Formulation 2 was considered to be the best Formulation for the preparation of BSA loaded Chitosan nanoparticles.