This study aims to test the effectiveness of sunscreen cream from ethanol extract bractea B. spectabilis Willd at varying concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% in vivo and an irritant test to protect the skin from exposure to UV rays. The protection time observed in mice was 24 hours. The research results showed that the extract cream bractea B. spectabilis Willd has sunscreen activity which is able to protect the skin from exposure to UV rays, the erythema diameter value obtained in 0.5% vitamin C cream was 10.0 ± 4.5, 1.5% ethanol extract cream was 13.6 ± 1.8, 1.0% cream was 15.1 ± 2.7, 0.5% extract cream was 18.3 ± 1.9, 2.0% PABA cream was 17.9 ± 4.86 (very mild erythema), while the negative control which was not given any treatment had an erythema of 27.3 ± 1.46 (clearly defined erythema). The erythema test results based on the time of erythema formation in 1.5% ethanol extract cream were 19 minutes 17 seconds ± 3 minutes 21 seconds greater than 1.0% ethanol extract cream, 0.5% ethanol extract cream, 0.5% vitamin C cream, cream base, 1.5% ethanol extract and 2% PABA cream. All samples did not cause irritation to the eyes of white mice (The rat was born) of Wistar strain i.e. cornea, iris, conjunctiva and chemosis score 0.

The in-vitro urease inhibitory activity of fixed oil and various organic fractions of Caralluma Tuberculata followed by GC-MS analysis of fixed oils are described in this research article. The fixed oils caused marked attenuation of jeck bean urease with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.97 mg mL-1. The similar inhibitory urease profile was observed for chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions with IC50 values of 3.36 and 4.90 mg mL-1 respectively. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 21 different constituents of fixed oils by their m/z ratio and retention time in comparison with standard. The major constituents were linoleic acid, methyl ester (19.65%) followed by palmitic acid, methyl ester (13.75%) and oleic acid, methyl ester (9.36%). In conclusion, fixed oils and organic fractions of C. Tuberculata exhibited marked urease inhibition and thus provided scientific background for the uses of the plant as antiulcer.

According to Margaret Cool Root, a leading scholar on the ancient Near East, the royal art of the kings reflects the ideals and attitudes of the king and his courtiers, presenting, above all, an ideal view of the nature of Persian kingship. Root argues that the variegated origins and appropriated concepts of Achaemenid iconography, from the Egyptian illustrations of conquered peoples in the form of the Nine Bows to the Assyrian royal hero, create conceptual patterns that are continually replicated at Persepolis to create an official artistic program. Root asserts that the themes found in royal iconography were disseminated from the empire’s center and were not the result of individual artists’ own creativity. However, is this only representative of the rich iconography of Persepolis, or were the art and architecture of provincial palaces, including the paradeisoi (large gardens or parks) and glyptic art (artwork engraved on seals and other small finds) representative of the wider process of ‘Persianisation’? It is worth highlighting at the outset that the various approaches to governing the empire must have impacted on the archaeological record, both on the material evidence left behind and the ways in which Achaemenid influence is not detectable. Regarding the latter, Root has highlighted five factors that have combined to minimise the retrieval of Achaemenid art and architecture: the low priority given to Persian levels at archaeological sites in comparison to Achaemenid studies have progressed markedly in the intervening years, though these issues are not yet fully resolved and are particularly applicable for some of the sites under discussion here. It must also be noted here that this paper cannot aim to answer all questions raised due to the scope of the topic, but hopefully contains the scope for further research and study with the publication of new excavation reports.

Urban planning efforts to conserve urban biodiversity have often concentrated on establishing protected natural areas and corridors. While green infrastructure is important, it is critical that surrounding neighborhoods and commercial areas have minimal impacts on conserved areas. Everything from invasive exotics to storm water runoff can degrade the biological integrity of green infrastructure. In this essay, we discuss future research and strategic directions to achieve a systems approach that includes the design and management of nearby built areas to be compatible with green infrastructure. Planners develop- ers, researchers, and residents all play a role in shifting conventional development inertia to something more compatible with green infrastructure. We outline a range of processes, research, policy tools and educational strategies that could be used to engage key stakeholder groups more closely with urban biodiversity conservation.

N-acetyl-2-aryl-1,2-dihydro-(4H)-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones efficient synthesis from the\ncondensation reaction between aromatic aldehydes and anthranilic acid in the presence of\nexcess amount of acetic anhydride catalyzed by ionic liquid [pmim]HSO4SiO2 in CH3CN\nhas been explored

Abstract:\n Lungworms can result an infection of the lower respiratory tract, usually resulting in verminous bronchitis or verminous pneumonia. The aim of this study was assessment of cattle and buffaloes\ncontamination to lungworms of Tabriz city in Iran in 2013. In this study initially with referring to Tabriz abattoir were selected rejected and apparently healthy lungs by randomly and then sent to\nparasitology laboratory of veterinary faculty of Tabriz branch , Islamic Azad university. In lab, lungs were opened and contents were isolated. Then with staining of parasites and creating of slides, type of parasite was detected by light microscope. Of 200 collected lungs, were infected 33 cases (16.5%) to hydatid cyst, 95 cases (47.5%) to Dictyocaulus viviparous. also 13 cases (6.5%) of lungs were infected to Linguatula serrata larva. with attention to relatively high contamination rate in Iran, exerting of prevention and treatment measures was recommended.

During chronic pain, there is a glial reaction in the spinal cord characterized by hypertrophy, proliferation, and up-regulation of immunoregulatory molecules and other glia-to-neuron mediators. Many of these changes have also been observed in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats, a widely used animal model of human rheumatoid arthritis. One of these glial mediators is D-serine, a ligand for the glycine modulatory binding site of NMDA receptors, a receptor subtype that plays a key role in nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord during chronic pain. Also, we studied the functional contribution of glial cells in the spinal C-reflex and wind-up by challenging them with 2 nmol intrathecal (i.t.) fluorocitrate (FC). Results showed that FC presents an antinociceptive effect in the wind-up for both normal and monoarthritic rats. This effect was followed until 120 minutes after the i.t. FC application, showing a maximum maintained decrease in the wind-up scores (meaning antinociception) of around 60% in the normal rats and around 40% in the monoarthritic rats at around 90-120 minutes. The injection of D-serine (300 µM i.t.) at time 60 minutes in a different set of experiments showed a reverting in the antinociceptive effect in both normal and monoarthritic rats. For normal rats, there was a decrease in the antinociceptive effect of around 65%; for monoarthritic rats, around 99%. The C-reflex was not modified by the FC treatment in either normal or monoarthritic rats. The former due probably to the fact that the response at lower frequencies (enough to evoke the C-reflex) of the sural nerve electrical stimulation, involves the activation of AMPA/AMPA/Kainate receptors and not the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. We can conclude that the antinociceptive effect of FC is reverted by D-serine, indicating a possible modulatory effect of this gliotransmitter.

In this paper explain preparation of 2-Benzyl 5-Oxo 5-H 6 -R-amide derivatives 7-phenyl 1,3,4-thiadiazolo-[3,2-a]- pyrimidine through reaction of 2-Benzyl 5-Oxo 5-H 6- EthylCarboxilate 7- phenyl -1, 3,4 -thiadiazolo-[3,2-a]- pyrimidine with aminderivatives.The reactions are completed in Very short time with high yield. Interest in the synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives is due to their biological activities. The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds had been identified by elemental analysis, set NMR, 13C, IR- spectroscopy.