Title: Biobased nano-biopolymer production from corn biomass: Its Physical, biochemical, and chemical properties

Abstract:The study was carried out to evaluate the nano cellulose-based nano-bishop polymer, for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses using corn stem leaf biomass. Pyrolysis, plasticizer mixture, and bioprocess technology were used for this experiment. The result showed that nano-biopolymer absorbed negligible water percent (0.01%). The odor was examined by a burning test and exhibited the standardization as ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Materials). Moreover, color, tensile strength, pH, and cellulose content show the ASTM standard compared to the synthetic polymer. Besides, chemical element tests like K, CO3, Cl & Na exhibited positive results in the laboratory using the EN (166)) standardization. From the results, it was observed that organic-based nanocellulose-derived nano-biopolymers were better than synthetic-based polymers. Therefore, it can be concluded that organic-based biodegradable nanobio-polymers may be used as biomedical and medical components in the pharmaceutical and manufacturing industry.




Title: Nanocoating from banana peel biomass as an organic bioresource and recycling process

Abstract:Lignocellulose-derived organic biobased (plant) nanocellulose, nanocoating, biocoating, biofilm, and other components can be implemented in the medical, biomedical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and bioengineering industries. Nanobiobased bio-coating derived from lignocellulose is edible and naturally biodegradable. The study was carried out to investigate the edible nanocellulose-based nano coating for drug delivery (capsules and pellets) using jackfruit peel biomass coming after bioprocess technology. Jackfruit peel biomass was utilized as a sample to produce edible biobased nanocoating for drug delivery (pellet and capsule) and other industrial uses. Nanocellulose preparation using bioprocess technology, acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis, plasticizer mixture, and food additive dye were used for this experiment. The result exhibited that negligible water percent (0.05%) absorbed by biobased nanocoating was under the ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Materials). The ordor test was examined and found to be completely under the standardization of ASTM. In addition, nanocoating attached to the food additive color, tensile strength, firmness test, pH, and cellulose content have followed the standard value of ASTM compared to the synthetic coating. Besides, inorganic chemical elements tests such as K, P, Ca, CO3, Cl, Na, Mg exhibited positive standardization of biobased nanocoating compared to the synthetic coating in the laboratory using the EN (166)) standardization. Therefore, it can be concluded that organic (nanocellulose) based edible nanocoating may be used for drug (pellet and capsule) coating using jackfruit peel biomass as biomedical, cosmetic, and medical components in the pharmaceutical industries.




Title: Orbygnia martiana: Immunomodulation, oxidative stress and induction of apoptosis in breast tumor cells

Abstract:Studies have demonstrated the ability of Orbygnia martiana to alter apoptosis and necrosis in tumor cells, but the results are still controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Orbygnia martiana under the mechanisms of oxidative stress in coculture between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and breast tumor cells and its association with cell death mechanisms. The extract was obtained from Orbygnia martiana leaves at a concentration of 0.2 g/mL, and after previous concentration-response tests, it was diluted to a concentration of 100 pg/mL. Incubations were made for 18 hours between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and cultures of mammary tumor cells of the MCF-7 strain with and without the stimulus of the extract. Subsequently, the release of superoxide anion and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. Results: Viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and Fas expression were also evaluated. The extract did not alter the viability of normal cells. The apoptosis index increased, whereas necrosis was reduced in tumor cells. Higher superoxide release in coculture and lower superoxide dismutase activity were observed in the spontaneous control group carrying only tumor cells. Conclusion: Therefore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Orbygnia martiana appears to be a possible treatment for breast cancer by inducing the death of mammary tumor cells, and the possible mechanism linked to this effect is the imbalance of the oxidative balance.




Title: ACTIVITY TEST OF BRACTEA BOUGAINVILLEA SPECTABILIS WILLD SOLAR SCREEN CREAM EXTRACT IN WAY IN VITRO AND IN VIVO

Abstract:Excessive radiation exposure to the skin can cause erythema and pigmentation on the skin. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd\'s ethanol extract contains bioactive compounds that have medicinal properties, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids which have conjugated double bonds which are able to specifically absorb UV radiation so they can be applied chemical absorber. This study aims to test the sunscreen activity of the ethanol extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea in vitro using the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method which is determined by calculating the % Transmission value of erythema (% Te), the value of % Transmission pigmentation (% Tp), and the value Sun Protection Factor (SPF). As well as regular testing alive by observing the effect of erythema on the skin of white mice (Rattus norvegicus) which is irradiated with UV light. Analysis results in vitro showed that Willd\'s Bougainvillea spectabilis ethanol extract cream was able to provide sunscreen activity with concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5% with SPF values respectively 21.22 (ultra protection); 16.69 (ultra protection) and 12.48 (maximum protection) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control 6.95 (extra protection), with a percent erythema (% Te) concentration value of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% with consecutive values of 6.85 (standard suntan); 7.26 (standard suntan) and 10.42 (fast tanning) compared to control cream Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) 28.15 (fast tanning), with a percent pigmentation value (% Tp) concentration of 1.5%, 1.0 %, 0.5% with consecutive values of 7.29 (sunblock); 7.56 (sunblock) and 11.62 (sunblock) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control, namely 60.10 (extra protection). Then on to testing alive using one-way ANOVA analysis, it was found that Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea ethanol extract was able to inhibit the emergence of erythema in test animals significantly (p<0.05) in all treatment groups, with the diameter of erythema formed at concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% produces an erythema score of 1, which means very little erythema is produced.




Title: Ultrasound activated clay: preliminary study of Pb and As removal in aqueous media

Abstract:Heavy metals in water represent a risk to health and ecosystems, their removal through new materials is a challenge for the industry. Research aimed to evaluate the removal of Pb and As by activated clay (AC). Clay was activated with sodium chloride, and phosphoric acid and then sonicated. A Pb and As synthetic solution was prepared at different pHs for removal with AC and natural clay (NC). AC reported 7.10 of PPC and NC 8.02, ? potential between - 41.15 and - 45.43 mV in pH range 4 to 12, FTIR allowed identify groups with chelating capacity, XRD test allowed to establish 97.24% crystallinity degree with 2.85 nm crystal size. Removal was observed in batches of 75.51% for As and 98.35% for Pb, with an adsorption capacity of 103.73 mg As/g and 107.21 mg Pb/g, showing a significant effect with pH medium. Clay activated by sonication improves metal ion removal in an aqueous medium.




Title: Technical Validation of Survey Instrument for Measuring the Knowledge towards Malaria, Malaria Diagnosis and Prevention

Abstract:The study assessed the content validity of a survey instrument for measuring the knowledge towards malaria, malaria diagnosis and prevention to gather data linking the awareness of low levels of malaria transmission in the cause of achieving malaria elimination in Nigeria. Eight subject matter experts participated in the evaluation of the instrument’s validity. The Lawshe’s method was applied to evaluate the technical validation of the instrument. The content validity ratio (CVR), proportion of agreeing expert (PAE) and content validity index (CVI) were analysed using Microsoft Excel. The instrument consists of 15 items spread across three domains, namely the knowledge towards malaria, knowledge towards malaria diagnosis and knowledge towards malaria prevention. The CVR for all items ranges from 0.75 to 1.00, the PAE for all items was above 50% and the CVI for every domain was 0.95. The content validity was adjudged to be adequate and essential to measuring the contents of the instrument.




Title: Cotton leaf thickness as an indicator of soil salinity

Abstract:This article addresses the challenge of monitoring saline soils in farms located in the Hungry Steppe and the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Due to the variability in salinity levels, constant monitoring is necessary. The authors propose using bioindication of soil salinity based on the state of cotton plants as a solution to the difficulties presented by existing methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential use of cotton plants as a bioindicator of soil salinity and to identify measurable indicators for practical implementation of bioindication. The field studies investigated potential bioindicators such as leaf blade thickness, area, and changes in planting density. It was discovered that as soil salinity increases, the density of cotton planting changes according to the Poisson distribution. To minimize time and labor in monitoring, it was suggested to use the thickness of the cotton leaf blade, measured with a digital micrometer, as a bioindication parameter. To practically implement salinity assessment through leaf thickness, a regression equation was established to represent the relationship between soil salinity and leaf thickness. The obtained results are consistent with previous studies that have shown a decrease in plant density, a reduction in leaf area, and an increase in leaf thickness with increasing soil salinity. The issue of bioindication of soil salinity through the state of the cotton plant has not been previously addressed.




Title: Prevalence and Severity of pollen allergy in twin cities of Pakistan

Abstract:The purpose of this study is to asses and find out severity and prevalence of pollen allergy and how the quality of life is being effected in Islamabad & Rawalpindi due to mulberry plant. Islamabad & Rawalpindi are divided into four zones each i.e E,F,G,I sectors from Islamabad and residential areas in airport vicinity(Gulzarequied, Judicial colony and Faisal colony) ,Tenchbata ,Gulraiz and areas around Murree road (Chandichowk, satellite town). Random survey is being done in the twin cities via distributing questionnaires in twin cities.500 questionnaires were distributed,186 were returned from Islamabad and 157 from Rawalpindi. After sorting out data and contacting back people, finally 80 people were made part of study from each city. Severity & prevalence of pollen allergy, interference in daily activities and development of depression and anxiety among people of Twin cities in pollen season. To investigate that Rawalpindi is also badly suffering from import of Mulberry tree in Islamabad.The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that Rawalpindi is severely affected similar to Islamabad due to pollen caused by Paper mulberry. The research has shown severity and prevalence level of more than 80% in two cities. Up to 40% of people reported that their daily life activities were highly effected. High depression level was observed in 60% of people in Islamabad and 56% in Rawalpindi with high incidence rates thus leading to alarming situation in twin cities.




Title: Some Conditions for Infinity Tuples of Commutative Bounded Linear Mapping acting on Ordered Hilbert Spaces to be Hilbert-Schmidt Tuples

Abstract:We will study some properties of n-Tuples of commutative bounded linear mapping acting on an Ordered Hilbert space, then we will develop those properties for infinity Tuples and find some conditions for them to be Hilbert-Schmidt infinity tuples.




Title: DESIGN OF A MODEL OF INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING FOR THE OPTIMIZATION PROCESS OF SHIPBUILDING OF COTECMAR

Abstract:El presente estudio se enmarca en La Corporación de Ciencia y Tecnología para el desarrollo de la industria Naval, Marítima y Fluvial – COTECMAR, la cual tiene dentro de sus procesos misionales, el proceso de construcción y unión de bloques de casco de una embarcación, el cual es considerado como uno de los procesos más importantes dentro de la construcción naval, dado que un bloque está conformado por un número determinado de láminas y perfiles de acero previamente cortados, doblados y conformados acuerdo a las formas específicas del tipo de embarcación a construir. El ensamble del bloque está determinado por una serie de actividades productivas definidas y dominadas por el astillero constructor, las cuales guardan relaciones lógicas de precedencia entre sí, requiriendo para su ejecución recursos humanos, máquinas y consumibles especializados para sus ejecución. Resultado de esta sinergia se realiza la planificación, ejecución y control de los bloques que conforman la embarcación, convirtiéndose este en un problema de programación de actividades productivas con diferentes tipos de recursos limitados, siendo el principal objetivo reducir el tiempo total de requerido para la ejecución de cada una de las actividades de ensamble de bloques. Problema que para el presente contexto se abordó desde la utilización de una herramienta matemática-computacional, basada en programación lineal entera, con el objetivo de minimizar la tardanza de las actividades y la optimización el uso de los recursos humanos requeridos para la ejecución de cada una de estas, reflejándose una reducción del 23% sobre el tiempo de finalización de las actividades de construcción de un buque de desembarco anfibio y ahorro sustancial del presupuesto superior a los USD 200,000.00.