Abstract:Objective: There is a significant difference in post-extraction complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients as this condition can influence each phase of wound healing due to being delayed. Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) contain many compounds for instance polyphenol catechin compounds, including catechin, cyanidin, chlorogenic acid and quinic acid that can accelerate bone formation after tooth extraction through various mechanism. Bone formation involve RUNX2 as differentiation factor and proliferation factor for osteoblast. and Osteoblast plays and important role and involves in the formation of woven bone. The purpose of this research is to prove the potential of avocado seed extracts as a natural intervention to accelerate bone healing in diabetic conditions by promoting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, thereby improving bone formation. Materials and methods: This study is an experimental research with posttest-only control group design. The research samples were 20 white male Rattus norvegicus and were divided into two groups: control (K) and treated (KE). Then, the lower left incicives of the samples were extracted for immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of RUNX2, and H&E staining to study osteoblast and woven bone at day 7 and 14. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Mann-Whitney and Spearman test. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results show significant differences between the control and treatment groups. The expression of RUNX2 and the number of osteoblasts were significantly higher in the treatment group. Additionally, there were significant correlations between RUNX2 expression, osteoblast count, and woven bone formation. This suggests that RUNX2 can enhance woven bone formation. The woven bone formed will eventually be replaced by mature bone. Conclusion: Avocado seeds have potential effect to accelerate bone formation in diabetic conditions by increasing the expression of RUNX2, osteoblast count, and woven bone formation.
Abstract:The study aimed to identify the concept of media literacy among students of media faculties in Jordanian universities, and it was based on the media survey methodology, by applying to a simple random sample of (385) male and female students at the Faculty of Mass Communication at the universities of Yarmouk and the Middle East, and the results of the study showed that the majority of media students know the meaning of the term media literacy, and they heard about it for the first time at the university, where the most prominent concept they have was associated with: Verify information, photos, videos, fake news, and distinguish information from opinion in media materials. The results indicated that the students did not receive specialized training in media literacy, despite their need for training, and the hypotheses of the study proved that the ability of media students to define the concept is positively related to the teachers` introduction of media literacy terms in their explanation of some courses, which was reflected in their ability to identify the most prominent concept of media literacy, and the study concluded the need to raise awareness of the importance of media and information literacy in universities, through holding training courses, with the aim of enhancing students` skills in understanding, analyzing and using media and social media.
Abstract:The study was carried out to evaluate the nano cellulose-based nano-bishop polymer, for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses using corn stem leaf biomass. Pyrolysis, plasticizer mixture, and bioprocess technology were used for this experiment. The result showed that nano-biopolymer absorbed negligible water percent (0.01%). The odor was examined by a burning test and exhibited the standardization as ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Materials). Moreover, color, tensile strength, pH, and cellulose content show the ASTM standard compared to the synthetic polymer. Besides, chemical element tests like K, CO3, Cl & Na exhibited positive results in the laboratory using the EN (166)) standardization. From the results, it was observed that organic-based nanocellulose-derived nano-biopolymers were better than synthetic-based polymers. Therefore, it can be concluded that organic-based biodegradable nanobio-polymers may be used as biomedical and medical components in the pharmaceutical and manufacturing industry.
Abstract:Lignocellulose-derived organic biobased (plant) nanocellulose, nanocoating, biocoating, biofilm, and other components can be implemented in the medical, biomedical, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and bioengineering industries. Nanobiobased bio-coating derived from lignocellulose is edible and naturally biodegradable. The study was carried out to investigate the edible nanocellulose-based nano coating for drug delivery (capsules and pellets) using jackfruit peel biomass coming after bioprocess technology. Jackfruit peel biomass was utilized as a sample to produce edible biobased nanocoating for drug delivery (pellet and capsule) and other industrial uses. Nanocellulose preparation using bioprocess technology, acid hydrolysis and pyrolysis, plasticizer mixture, and food additive dye were used for this experiment. The result exhibited that negligible water percent (0.05%) absorbed by biobased nanocoating was under the ASTM (American Standard for Testing and Materials). The ordor test was examined and found to be completely under the standardization of ASTM. In addition, nanocoating attached to the food additive color, tensile strength, firmness test, pH, and cellulose content have followed the standard value of ASTM compared to the synthetic coating. Besides, inorganic chemical elements tests such as K, P, Ca, CO3, Cl, Na, Mg exhibited positive standardization of biobased nanocoating compared to the synthetic coating in the laboratory using the EN (166)) standardization. Therefore, it can be concluded that organic (nanocellulose) based edible nanocoating may be used for drug (pellet and capsule) coating using jackfruit peel biomass as biomedical, cosmetic, and medical components in the pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract:Studies have demonstrated the ability of Orbygnia martiana to alter apoptosis and necrosis in tumor cells, but the results are still controversial. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of Orbygnia martiana under the mechanisms of oxidative stress in coculture between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and breast tumor cells and its association with cell death mechanisms. The extract was obtained from Orbygnia martiana leaves at a concentration of 0.2 g/mL, and after previous concentration-response tests, it was diluted to a concentration of 100 pg/mL. Incubations were made for 18 hours between human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and cultures of mammary tumor cells of the MCF-7 strain with and without the stimulus of the extract. Subsequently, the release of superoxide anion and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were evaluated. Results: Viability, apoptosis, necrosis, and Fas expression were also evaluated. The extract did not alter the viability of normal cells. The apoptosis index increased, whereas necrosis was reduced in tumor cells. Higher superoxide release in coculture and lower superoxide dismutase activity were observed in the spontaneous control group carrying only tumor cells. Conclusion: Therefore, the hydroalcoholic extract of Orbygnia martiana appears to be a possible treatment for breast cancer by inducing the death of mammary tumor cells, and the possible mechanism linked to this effect is the imbalance of the oxidative balance.
Abstract:Excessive radiation exposure to the skin can cause erythema and pigmentation on the skin. Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd\'s ethanol extract contains bioactive compounds that have medicinal properties, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids which have conjugated double bonds which are able to specifically absorb UV radiation so they can be applied chemical absorber. This study aims to test the sunscreen activity of the ethanol extract of Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea in vitro using the UV-Visible spectrophotometric method which is determined by calculating the % Transmission value of erythema (% Te), the value of % Transmission pigmentation (% Tp), and the value Sun Protection Factor (SPF). As well as regular testing alive by observing the effect of erythema on the skin of white mice (Rattus norvegicus) which is irradiated with UV light. Analysis results in vitro showed that Willd\'s Bougainvillea spectabilis ethanol extract cream was able to provide sunscreen activity with concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0%, 0.5% with SPF values respectively 21.22 (ultra protection); 16.69 (ultra protection) and 12.48 (maximum protection) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control 6.95 (extra protection), with a percent erythema (% Te) concentration value of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% with consecutive values of 6.85 (standard suntan); 7.26 (standard suntan) and 10.42 (fast tanning) compared to control cream Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) 28.15 (fast tanning), with a percent pigmentation value (% Tp) concentration of 1.5%, 1.0 %, 0.5% with consecutive values of 7.29 (sunblock); 7.56 (sunblock) and 11.62 (sunblock) compared to the Para amino benzoic acid (PABA) control, namely 60.10 (extra protection). Then on to testing alive using one-way ANOVA analysis, it was found that Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd bractea ethanol extract was able to inhibit the emergence of erythema in test animals significantly (p<0.05) in all treatment groups, with the diameter of erythema formed at concentrations of 1.5%, 1.0% , 0.5% produces an erythema score of 1, which means very little erythema is produced.
Abstract:Heavy metals in water represent a risk to health and ecosystems, their removal through new materials is a challenge for the industry. Research aimed to evaluate the removal of Pb and As by activated clay (AC). Clay was activated with sodium chloride, and phosphoric acid and then sonicated. A Pb and As synthetic solution was prepared at different pHs for removal with AC and natural clay (NC). AC reported 7.10 of PPC and NC 8.02, ? potential between - 41.15 and - 45.43 mV in pH range 4 to 12, FTIR allowed identify groups with chelating capacity, XRD test allowed to establish 97.24% crystallinity degree with 2.85 nm crystal size. Removal was observed in batches of 75.51% for As and 98.35% for Pb, with an adsorption capacity of 103.73 mg As/g and 107.21 mg Pb/g, showing a significant effect with pH medium. Clay activated by sonication improves metal ion removal in an aqueous medium.
Abstract:The study assessed the content validity of a survey instrument for measuring the knowledge towards malaria, malaria diagnosis and prevention to gather data linking the awareness of low levels of malaria transmission in the cause of achieving malaria elimination in Nigeria. Eight subject matter experts participated in the evaluation of the instrument’s validity. The Lawshe’s method was applied to evaluate the technical validation of the instrument. The content validity ratio (CVR), proportion of agreeing expert (PAE) and content validity index (CVI) were analysed using Microsoft Excel. The instrument consists of 15 items spread across three domains, namely the knowledge towards malaria, knowledge towards malaria diagnosis and knowledge towards malaria prevention. The CVR for all items ranges from 0.75 to 1.00, the PAE for all items was above 50% and the CVI for every domain was 0.95. The content validity was adjudged to be adequate and essential to measuring the contents of the instrument.
Abstract:This article addresses the challenge of monitoring saline soils in farms located in the Hungry Steppe and the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Due to the variability in salinity levels, constant monitoring is necessary. The authors propose using bioindication of soil salinity based on the state of cotton plants as a solution to the difficulties presented by existing methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential use of cotton plants as a bioindicator of soil salinity and to identify measurable indicators for practical implementation of bioindication. The field studies investigated potential bioindicators such as leaf blade thickness, area, and changes in planting density. It was discovered that as soil salinity increases, the density of cotton planting changes according to the Poisson distribution. To minimize time and labor in monitoring, it was suggested to use the thickness of the cotton leaf blade, measured with a digital micrometer, as a bioindication parameter. To practically implement salinity assessment through leaf thickness, a regression equation was established to represent the relationship between soil salinity and leaf thickness. The obtained results are consistent with previous studies that have shown a decrease in plant density, a reduction in leaf area, and an increase in leaf thickness with increasing soil salinity. The issue of bioindication of soil salinity through the state of the cotton plant has not been previously addressed.
Abstract:Considering the practicability and simplification of space-domain pre-processing for 3D model information hiding, we present an improved carrier pre-processing using interval analysis of values on z-axis for the vertical profile of 3D models. First, the 3D model is scaled and rotated disproportionately according to fixed size and angle respectively, and the vertical profile can be obtained by horizontal mapping. Second, the vertical profile is mapped into the two-dimensional coordinate system and the values on the vertical axis can be determined using a fixed step size. Last, the vertical values are converted into binary numbers with interval constraints according to the fixed threshold. By disproportionate scaling with fixed size, the algorithm can be effective against the scaling attack. According to the fixed rotated angle and step size, the data can be embedded in redundancy of the whole model and the algorithm can be robust against cutting. The experimental results illustrate that, being satisfied the characteristic of carrier, our algorithm is of stronger robustness against the random noise under 0.2%, re-meshing and non-uniform simplification compared with similar algorithms.