Abstract:The study assessed the content validity of a survey instrument for measuring the knowledge towards malaria, malaria diagnosis and prevention to gather data linking the awareness of low levels of malaria transmission in the cause of achieving malaria elimination in Nigeria. Eight subject matter experts participated in the evaluation of the instrument’s validity. The Lawshe’s method was applied to evaluate the technical validation of the instrument. The content validity ratio (CVR), proportion of agreeing expert (PAE) and content validity index (CVI) were analysed using Microsoft Excel. The instrument consists of 15 items spread across three domains, namely the knowledge towards malaria, knowledge towards malaria diagnosis and knowledge towards malaria prevention. The CVR for all items ranges from 0.75 to 1.00, the PAE for all items was above 50% and the CVI for every domain was 0.95. The content validity was adjudged to be adequate and essential to measuring the contents of the instrument.
Abstract:This article addresses the challenge of monitoring saline soils in farms located in the Hungry Steppe and the Khorezm region of Uzbekistan. Due to the variability in salinity levels, constant monitoring is necessary. The authors propose using bioindication of soil salinity based on the state of cotton plants as a solution to the difficulties presented by existing methods. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential use of cotton plants as a bioindicator of soil salinity and to identify measurable indicators for practical implementation of bioindication. The field studies investigated potential bioindicators such as leaf blade thickness, area, and changes in planting density. It was discovered that as soil salinity increases, the density of cotton planting changes according to the Poisson distribution. To minimize time and labor in monitoring, it was suggested to use the thickness of the cotton leaf blade, measured with a digital micrometer, as a bioindication parameter. To practically implement salinity assessment through leaf thickness, a regression equation was established to represent the relationship between soil salinity and leaf thickness. The obtained results are consistent with previous studies that have shown a decrease in plant density, a reduction in leaf area, and an increase in leaf thickness with increasing soil salinity. The issue of bioindication of soil salinity through the state of the cotton plant has not been previously addressed.
Abstract:The purpose of this study is to asses and find out severity and prevalence of pollen allergy and how the quality of life is being effected in Islamabad & Rawalpindi due to mulberry plant. Islamabad & Rawalpindi are divided into four zones each i.e E,F,G,I sectors from Islamabad and residential areas in airport vicinity(Gulzarequied, Judicial colony and Faisal colony) ,Tenchbata ,Gulraiz and areas around Murree road (Chandichowk, satellite town). Random survey is being done in the twin cities via distributing questionnaires in twin cities.500 questionnaires were distributed,186 were returned from Islamabad and 157 from Rawalpindi. After sorting out data and contacting back people, finally 80 people were made part of study from each city. Severity & prevalence of pollen allergy, interference in daily activities and development of depression and anxiety among people of Twin cities in pollen season. To investigate that Rawalpindi is also badly suffering from import of Mulberry tree in Islamabad.The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that Rawalpindi is severely affected similar to Islamabad due to pollen caused by Paper mulberry. The research has shown severity and prevalence level of more than 80% in two cities. Up to 40% of people reported that their daily life activities were highly effected. High depression level was observed in 60% of people in Islamabad and 56% in Rawalpindi with high incidence rates thus leading to alarming situation in twin cities.
Abstract:We will study some properties of n-Tuples of commutative bounded linear mapping acting on an Ordered Hilbert space, then we will develop those properties for infinity Tuples and find some conditions for them to be Hilbert-Schmidt infinity tuples.
Abstract:El presente estudio se enmarca en La Corporación de Ciencia y Tecnología para el desarrollo de la industria Naval, Marítima y Fluvial – COTECMAR, la cual tiene dentro de sus procesos misionales, el proceso de construcción y unión de bloques de casco de una embarcación, el cual es considerado como uno de los procesos más importantes dentro de la construcción naval, dado que un bloque está conformado por un número determinado de láminas y perfiles de acero previamente cortados, doblados y conformados acuerdo a las formas específicas del tipo de embarcación a construir. El ensamble del bloque está determinado por una serie de actividades productivas definidas y dominadas por el astillero constructor, las cuales guardan relaciones lógicas de precedencia entre sí, requiriendo para su ejecución recursos humanos, máquinas y consumibles especializados para sus ejecución. Resultado de esta sinergia se realiza la planificación, ejecución y control de los bloques que conforman la embarcación, convirtiéndose este en un problema de programación de actividades productivas con diferentes tipos de recursos limitados, siendo el principal objetivo reducir el tiempo total de requerido para la ejecución de cada una de las actividades de ensamble de bloques. Problema que para el presente contexto se abordó desde la utilización de una herramienta matemática-computacional, basada en programación lineal entera, con el objetivo de minimizar la tardanza de las actividades y la optimización el uso de los recursos humanos requeridos para la ejecución de cada una de estas, reflejándose una reducción del 23% sobre el tiempo de finalización de las actividades de construcción de un buque de desembarco anfibio y ahorro sustancial del presupuesto superior a los USD 200,000.00.
Abstract:La extrema competitividad que existe en la economía actual, unida a los efectos de la globalización, obligan a la industria a encontrar nuevas vías para interactuar y satisfacer a los clientes. Es por esto que actualmente los modelos de negocios del mundo moderno están en continuo desarrollo, entrando en nuevas tendencias, nuevas áreas industriales y hasta nuevos modelos en un entorno de cada vez más competitivo. Por esta razón en el presente trabajo, se plantea un modelo inicial de optimización binivel, en donde uno de los agentes toma el rol de líder y otro el rol de seguidor en busca de maximizar sus utilidades, desarrollándose en forma óptima a través del software GAMS. Con la ayuda de este software, se plantea un segundo modelo económico de valor de Shapley, el cual hace parte de la teoría de juegos cooperativos, en donde los agentes que intervienen en la cadena pueden establecer acuerdos o colisiones bajo un enfoque de colaboración, mediante la aplicación de la herramienta de programación en Java y del Microsoft Excel, se permitió determinar la mejor forma de poder repartir sus utilidades entre los agentes participantes. Los resultados encontrados indican que comparando ambos modelos se obtienen mayores ganancias en un ambiente de naturaleza colaborativa que cuando se trabaja aisladamente.
Abstract:The aim of this study is forming and evoluting the Contextual Architecture of Iran toward achieving the appropriate Architecture in the Iranian cities pattern, specially historical sites, which are about to devestiation because of incorrect constructions. The percept of these paradigms and the way they influence on the Conceptual Architecture leads to find new solutions and solving the existed problems of this field by designers and architects.\nThe investigation method is case study and contextual study in order to achieve the mentioned goals.\nIn this study, this is proved that having harmony with climatical attitudes is the most significant paradigm which plays a key role in the formation of Iranian Contemporary Contextual Architecture.
Abstract:The water which is used in the different stages of the agricultural productions and the other goods is called virtual stored water in it. According to the importance of the agriculture, we will pay attention to the virtual water in agriculture in this article. The agricultural production trade creates the procedure of virtual water. This is an internal and international procedure. The saving of virtual water is one of the goals in each country. According to the relation of the virtual water and the water use productivity, the increasing of the water use productivity in agriculture, can be an efficient tool in the saving of the virtual water. There are some ways for saving the virtual water and water use productivity that contains the new technologies in the management of the irrigation system and managing and farming methods that ASCP strategy, using new irrigation methods and also using mathematic models is the most important of them.
Abstract:Stability of soil slope in geotechnical engineering is one of the most important issues and since the earthquake is an essential factor in stability of soil slopes, assessment and dynamic analysis of soil slopes is always important. The homogeneous earth dams which prevent penetration of water by geomembrane are very suitable to store water and other liquids. Some dams do not need complex engineering calculations, their cost is low and they are not difficult to build. To ensure the geotechnical safety of dam, slopes embankments must be designed and built carefully. In this paper a number nomogram has been prepared in accordance with the geometry of the earth dams to calculate safety factor. The finite element method was used to calculate stability. The finite element method requires careful study of the mechanical properties of materials and calculating the stress and body displacement. ANSYS software modeling was used to model and examine the stability of the earth dam . To ensure the accuracy of the modeling and validation of the results, first the natural frequency of the system was studied using modal analysis and was compared with the results obtained from analytical relations. The results showed that the main contribution in improving the behavior of a reinforced earth slope is increasing the horizontal stiffness of the soil mass and the reinforcement significantly reduced vertical, horizontal, and shear strains. Also reinforcement reduced deformation of the slope outside surface. The amount of this deformation reduction depends on reinforcement spacing, slope angle, hardness of the soil and reinforcement, and foundation hardness. Generally use of reinforcements enhances the stability, protects the slope against coastal erosion, creates internal drainage in the dam and results in better performance. By increasing the height, the embankment reinforcement will consume the greater percentage of their resistance potential
Abstract:In this article, the generalized inverted Rayleigh distribution (GIRD) is presented. Some of the mathematical properties of this distribution are studied. We derive the quantile function, shape of hazard rate function, moments, mode, harmonic mean, skewness and kurtosis. Also, order statistics, mean deviations about mean and median are obtained. Other important properties including entropy (Shannon and Rényi) which are measures of the uncertainty in this distribution are also presented.